双氢青蒿素对恶性疟原虫有性生殖期影响
陈沛泉 郭兴伯 李广谦 王新华 范梨盛 王炳西 简华香 符林春 李国桥
摘要:18例带配子体的恶性疟患者随机分为2组:双氢青蒿素组10例,口服5d疗程总量360mg;奎宁组8例,口服7d疗程总量10500mg.全部患者每天涂血片计算配子体密度,于给药当天(D0),药后4、7、10、14、21和28d(D4、D7、D10、D14、D21、和D28)取血作大劣按蚊感染试验。患者血中配子体转阴时间,双氢青蒿素组为21.8±5.2d;奎宁组为31.5±8.7d.按蚊感染试验结果:双氢青蒿素组有4例在D0D4、D7、D10、D14均未能感染按蚊;其余6例于D0、D4、D7、D10、D14、D21按蚊感染阳性例数为6/6、6/6、6/6、2/6、0/6和0/6.奎宁组D0、D4、D7、D10、D14、D21和D28按蚊感染阳性例数为4/8、8/8、8/8、8/8、8/8、2/8和0/8.这表明双氢青蒿素5d总量360mg对恶性疟原虫有性生殖期发育有明显抑制作用,对生理上未成熟的配子体,可中断其发育。
关键词:青蒿素/治疗应用;@青蒿琥酯/治疗应用;疟疾,恶性/药物疗法;疟原虫,恶性/药物作用;青蒿素/类似物和衍生物中图分号类:R285.5;R382.3+1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-9783(1999)06-0333-03
Effect of Dihydroartemisinin on the Sexual Stage of Plasmodium Falciparum
CHEN Pei-quan, GUO Xin-bo,LI Guang-qian, et al(Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405)
Abstract:Eighteen falciparumn malaria patients with gametocytemia were randomly allocated to 2 groups,treated respectively with dihydroartemisinin (DATM) tablets at a total dose of 360 mg over 5 days and with oral quinine sulfate (QN) at a total dose of 10 5000 mg over 7 days. Peripheral gametocyte counts were done daily in all patients until its disappearance. Blood samples were taken on D0, D4, D7, D10, D14, D21 and D28 from the patients to perform infectivity tests to Anopheles dirus. The result showed that the mean clearance times of PFG were 21.8±5.2 days in DATM group and 31.5±8.7 days in QN group respectively. And in DATM group, the infectivity tests were positive in 6 cases only. In those 6 positive cases, the numbers of the positive infectivity on D4, D7, D10, D14 and D21 were 6/6,6/6,2/6,0/6 and 0/6 respectively. While the 4 negative cases on D0 remained negative infectivity on D4, D7, D10, D14. In QN group, the infectivity tests were positive in 4 cases too on D0, the numbers of positive cases on D4, D7, D10, D14, D21 and D28 were 8/8,8/8,8/8,8/8,2/8 and 0/8 respectively. These indicate that QN cannot inhibit P.Falciparum at sexual stage, while DATM has a remarkable inhibitory effect, and may prevent the immatured PFG that was failure to infect An. dirus on D0 from maturing. Keywords:@ Artemisinin/ther. use; @ Artesunate/ther. use; Malaria, falciparum/TCD therapy; Plasmodium falciparum/drug eff;@ Artemisinin/analogs and derivatives
双氢青蒿素(Dihydroartemisinin)临床研究结果显示,对恶性疟疾疗效良好【1】,但对恶性疟原虫有性生殖有无影响,迄今未见报告。奎宁是常用的抗疟药,对成熟的恶性疟原虫配子体无效【2】。为评价双氢青蒿素在恶性疟原虫流行病学上的作用,我们在越南南方疟区观察了双氢青蒿素和奎宁对恶性疟原虫有性生殖期发育的影响,并作了比较研究。
1 资料与方法
1.1 病例选择 研究对象为15岁以上带无性体和配子体的恶性疟患者,本次发病后未服过任何抗疟药。
1.2 药物及治疗方法 双氢青蒿素片每片20mg,由北京市科泰新技术公司提供(批号:930811)。硫酸奎宁片每片250mg,越南河内MEKOPHA药厂出品(批号:20171192)。患者入院后,随机分配入双氢青蒿素组或奎宁组。双氢青蒿素片,D0口服120mg,D1-D4每日60mg,5d总量360mg.硫酸奎宁片,每日3次,每次500mg,连服7d,总量10500mg. 1.3 疟原虫观察 全部患者住院观察至配子体连续3d转阴。每天涂制厚、薄血膜1次,计算无性体和配子体密度。配子体数以D0为100%,计算治疗后每天的配子体相对密度,并观察无性体和配子体转阴时间。
1.4 按蚊感染试验 试验蚊种为大劣按蚊(Anoplelesdirus),幼虫以酵母粉+鸭肝粉为饲料,成蚊以葡萄糖水为食,蚊室温度26±1℃,相对湿度85±5%,感染实验用的蚊龄为4±1d.每例患者于治疗前(D0)和治疗后D4、D7、D10、D14、D21和D28取静脉血2ml,人工感染大劣按蚊。饱血蚊常规饲养,14d后解剖存活蚊的20%,涎腺发现子孢子者为阳性,并计算感染率(医考必过网搜集整理)。
2 结果
2.1 无性体及配子体转阴时间 双氢青蒿素组无性体转阴时间为54.6±22.4h;奎宁组为109.3±46.2h;双氢青蒿素组配子体转阴时间为21.8±5.2d,显著快于奎宁组的31.5±8.7d(t=2.282,P<0.05)。
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